In "artificial memory," the temporal and the spatial were inextricable. The speech was mapped onto specific familiar places or "loci" through which the orator navigated in his or her mind. "Artificial memory," a mnemonic technology, was used to remember a speech as it unfolded in time through the media of architecture. The medium of memory utilizes both time and space. In The Art of Memory, Frances Yates elucidates a classical example of the perceptual affects of time and space through media. Conversely, media transform the human experience and perception of time and space. Time and space are also elements that fundamentally determine and affect multiple forms of media. one's environment, conditions of life" (OED 4b). Time and space in and of themselves are media in that they fulfill the Oxford English Dictionary's definition of "medium" as "pervading or enveloping substance the substance or 'element' in which an organism lives hence. Before Albert Einstein and Hermann Minkowski conceived of "space-time," time and space were aligned as separate but interdependent media. While long related through motion (cf movement), the congruity of "time" and "space" reaches its scientific apotheosis in the early twentieth century with the single concept of "space-time" in physics and mathematics. These circular definitions demonstrate the congruity between time and space as concepts. The first definition of "space" is "denoting time or duration" (OED). The first definition of "time" in the Oxford English Dictionary is "a space or extent of time" (OED). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Metz, Christian, "Story/Discourse," in Film Theory and Criticism. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1962. Laocoön, An Essay on the Limits of Painting and Poetry. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999. Geoffrey Winthrop-Young and Michael Wutz. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983 The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art. "The Condition of Virtuality," in The Digital Dialectic: New Essays in New Media, Peter Lunenfeld (ed.). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1991. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.įrank, Joseph. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1965.īordwell, David and Kristin Thompson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.īergson, Henri. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.īazin, André. Baudry, Jean-Louis, "Ideological Effects of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus," in Film Theory and Criticism, Leo Braudy and Marshall Cohen (eds.).
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